1543 – Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and English King Henry VIII sign anti-French covenant
1897 – White Rose Mission opens on East 97th Street, NYC
1929 – Vatican City, the world’s smallest country, is made an enclave of Rome
1945 – 1st gas turbine propeller-driven airplane flight tested, Downey, CA
1948 – John Costello follows Eamon Da Valera as premier of Ireland
1951 – Kwame Nkrumah and his Convention People’s Party wins 1st legislative general election in the Gold Coast (Ghana) in a landslide
1953 – J Styne and Bob Hilliard’s musical “Hazel Flagg” opens at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC for 190 performances
1956 – British diplomats Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean deny working as spies for Soviet Russia after reappearing in the Soviet Union after going missing 5 years earlier
1979 – Iran’s premier Bakhtiar resigns, Ayatollah Khomeini seizes power
1992 – Michael Johnson runs indoor world record 400m (44.97 sec)