1480 – Battle of Otranto – Ottoman troops behead 800 Christians for refusing to convert to Islam
1530 – Florence surrenders for emperor Karel I
1869 – Self-proclaimed Emperor Joshua Abraham Norton of the USA issues edict abolishing the Democratic and Republican parties
1945 – Emperor Hirohito of Japan informs the imperial family that he has decided to surrender
1960 – Echo 1, 1st communications satellite, is launched by NASA
1978 – International Cometary Explorer (ICE) spacecraft launched – to study solar wind
1979 – Iranian press censors start massive book burnings
1991 – Last day in Test Cricket for Viv Richards, Dujon and Marshall
1994 – Members of the Major League Baseball Players Association go on strike leading to cancellation of World Series for only the second time in MLB history (1904); labour dispute
2018 – NASA launches the Parker Space Probe, its first mission to the Sun and its outermost atmosphere, the corona