1521 – Spanish conquistadors under Hernán Cortés capture Aztec Emperor Cuauhtémoc in Tenochtitlan marking the end of the Aztec Empire
1933 – Jacques van Egmond becomes world champion amateur cyclist
1943 – Red army recaptures Spas-Demensk
1944 – British 8th Army occupies Florence
1944 – Allied generals Bernard Montgomery, Miles Dempsey and Omar Bradley discuss a future breakthrough in the European theatre during World War II
1953 – US President Dwight Eisenhower establishes Government Contract Compliance Committee
1971 – Paul and Linda McCartney release “Back Seat of My Car”
1998 – 31st San Diego Comic-Con International opens at San Diego Convention Center
2004 – 28th Olympic Games opens at Athens, Greece
2014 – Iranian mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani is the first woman to win the Fields Medal in mathematics