1781 – British troops occupy Negapatam, Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
1789 – Benjamin Franklin writes “Nothing . . . certain but death and taxes”
1916 – Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes is expelled from the Labor Party over his support for conscription
1920 – Hudson River freezes at Albany
1921 – US, France, Japan and British Empire sign a Pacific Treaty
1980 – US spacecraft Voyager 1 sends back 1st close-up pictures of Saturn
1996 – Joel Armengaud discovers 2^1398269 – 1 (35th known Mersenne prime)
2002 – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq agrees to the terms of the UN Security Council Resolution 1441
2008 – Germany’s economy, Europe’s largest, contracts by 0.5% in the third quarter after GDP fell 0.4% in the second quarter, putting it in recession for the first time in five years
2019 – South Korean girl group Blackpink are the first K-pop group to have a single reach 1 billion views on YouTube for “Ddu-Du Ddu-Du”