1219 – Floods in Northern Netherlands after storm, thousands killed
1547 – Ivan IV the Terrible (17) crowns himself first tsar of Moscow
1765 – Charles Messier catalogs M41 (galactic cluster in Canis Major)
1776 – Continental Congress approves enlistment of free blacks
1938 – 1st jazz concert held at Carnegie Hall, performed by Benny Goodman and his band
1941 – US vice admiral Bellinger warns of an assault on Pearl Harbor
1945 – Scottish 52nd land division and 1st Commando brigade-assault at Heinsberg
1968 – Jay Allen’s “Prime of Miss Jean Brodie” premieres in NYC
2016 – First ever flower grown in space – a zinnia aboard the International Space Station using NASA Veggie system
2021 – 10 Nepali climbers become the first to reach the summit of K2 in winter on the China-Pakistan border