1712 – Great Britain, Portugal and France sign ceasefire [or 19th]
1791 – Members of the French National Guard under command of General Lafayette open fire on crowd of radical Jacobins at Champ de Mars, Paris, during the French Revolution, killing up to 50 people
1864 – CSA President Davis replaces General Joe Johnston with John Bell Hood
1922 – Curacao harbor workers begin strike under Felix Chacuto
1936 – Spanish generals Francisco Franco and Emilio Mola lead a right-wing uprising, starting the Spanish Civil War
1980 – Bolivian military coup; General Garcia Meza becomes president
1981 – Israeli bombers destroy PLO/al-Fatah headquarters in Beirut
1993 – Graeme Obree breaks the world hour cycling record, riding 51.596km on Old Faithful at the Hamar velodrome in Norway
2004 – Former South African President Nelson Mandela calls for commitment by the world to take action against AIDS
2007 – TAM Airlines (TAM Linhas Aéreas) Flight 3054 crashes upon landing during rain in São Paulo. Brazil’s deadliest aviation accident to date with estimated 199 deaths.