1349 – 6,000 Jews, blamed for the Plague, are killed in Mainz
1516 – Battle of Marj Dabiq: Ottoman forces decisively beat the Mamluk Sultanate
1853 – 1st potato chips prepared by chef George Crum at Moon’s Lake House, near Saratoga Springs, New York (popular legend says he invented though earlier recipes exist)
1920 – With British approval, Greece is encouraged to take offensive action against Turkish nationalists in Asia Minor
1954 – US President Eisenhower signs Communist Control Act, outlawing the Communist Party, at height of McCarthyism
1958 – Sergei Popov wins Stockholm marathon (2:15:17.0) (WR)
1960 – -127°F (-88°C), Vostok, Antarctica (world record)
1993 – Padres scores 14 in 1st vs Cardinals
1995 – Fire that wipes 6,000 acres begins in Hamptons on Long Island
1995 – Microsoft debuts Windows 95