1260 – Battle at Montaperti, Tuscany, between rival factions the Guelphs and Ghibellines
1864 – Bread riots in Mobile, Alabama
1922 – William Walmsley and William Lyons officially found the Swallow Sidecar Company (later Jaguar Cars) in Blackpool, England
1939 – RAF bombs Wilhelmshafen
1961 – US authorizes Agency for International Development
1964 – Scottish Forth Road Bridge opens (then the longest in Europe)
1972 – USSR performs underground nuclear test
1979 – India need 438 to win v England, game ends at 8-429
1995 – The Fourth World Conference on Women opens in Beijing with over 4,750 delegates from 181 countries in attendance.
2002 – Before a U.S. Congressional panel, Doris Roberts testifies that age discrimination is prevalent in Hollywood