451 – Council of Chalcedon (4th ecumenical council) opens
1815 – Joachim Murat’s forces land at Pizzo, Italy
1943 – Great Britain establishes bases on Azores
1958 – US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1963 – Sultan of Zanzibar cedes his mainland possessions to Kenya
1972 – In Game 2 of ALCS, Oakland A’s Bert Campaneris fires his bat at Det pitcher
1978 – American Mario Andretti in a Lotus finishes 10th in the season ending Canadian Grand Prix at Île Notre-Dame Circuit, but wins his first Formula 1 World Drivers Championship by 13 points from Ronnie Peterson
1995 – Dolphin’s Dan Marino breaks Tarkenton’s NFL career completions record
1998 – José Saramago is the first person from Portugal to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature
2005 – The Kashmir earthquake hits parts of northern South Asia at 03:50 UTC.