1245 – Pope Innocent IV declares Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II deposed and excommunicated at the First Council of Lyon amid their struggle over papal and imperial authority
1393 – Osmanen occupy Turnovo, Bulgaria
1740 – Prospero Lambertini chosen Pope Benedictus XIV
1863 – Māori forces are defeated by British troops at Koheroa, Waikato, in the New Zealand Wars between Maori tribes and British colonials
1863 – Battle of Honey Springs – largest battle in Indian Territory
1981 – Glasdrumman ambush: the Provisional Irish Republican Army attack a British Army post in South Armagh, killing 1 soldier and injuring another
2023 – Russia pulls out of a deal allowing the export of Ukrainian grain past their naval blockade, threatening to push world food prices higher
2024 – US Secretary of the Navy Carlos Del Toro officially exonerates all 258 Black sailors who protested work conditions after the Port Chicago Disaster in 1944; none of them are alive for the ruling