1298 – English defeat the Scots at the Battle of Falkirk
1632 – Foundation laid in Madrid for Buen Retiro Palace for King Philip IV
1923 – 17th Tour de France won by Henri Pelissier of France
1926 – 108°F (42°C), Troy, NY (state record)
1954 – US Virgin Islands adopt constitution (Revised Organic Act)
1984 – 22nd Federation Cup Women’s Tennis, São Paulo, Brazil: Czech pair Hana Mandlíková and Helena Suková beat Australians Elizabeth Sayers and Wendy Turnbull 6-2, 6-2 for a 2-1 victory
1997 – “One Piece,” world’s best-selling manga and comic series, written and illustrated by Eiichiro Oda, first appears serialized in “Weekly Shōnen Jump” in Japan
2014 – European Union claims that Israel “has the right to defend itself,” but says civilian casualties in Gaza are unacceptable
2019 – India’s lunar mission, Chandrayaan-2 successfully takes off from Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota aiming to be fourth nation to soft-land on the moon
2022 – Droupadi Murmu is the first tribal politician to be elected President of India (head of state, without executive powers)