1582 – French van Valois pays tribute to earl of Flanders
1711 – Admiral Hovenden Walkers fleet reach St Lawrence
1919 – “Gasoline Alley” cartoon strip premieres in Chicago Tribune
1942 – Battle of Stalingrad: 600 Luftwaffe planes bomb Stalingrad (40,000 die)
1944 – General George Leclerc’s troops advance towards Paris
1944 – US B-24 crashes into school in Freckelton England, 76 killed
1972 – 4 civilians and 1 British soldier are injured in separate overnight shooting incidents in North Ireland
1977 – 1st man-powered flight of a mile (Bryan Allen in Gossamer Condor)
1985 – Paul Hornung awarded $1,160,000 by a Louisville court against NCAA who barred him as a college football analyst for betting on games
1990 – Armenia declares independence